In a Caesar cipher the letters of the alphabet are shifted using one shift value. The Vigenère cipher uses a series of different Caesar ciphers based on a keyword or passphrase. ![]() This cipher was invented by a French diplomat, Blaise de Vigenère, in the 16th century. Only the Vigenère cipher will be discussed in detail since the other methods are merely variations of it. There are many variations of the Vigenère cipher, such as the AutoKey, Beaufort, and Running Key ciphers. The best-known example of a polyalphabetic cipher is the Vigenère cipher. For example, the letter N may become D after encoding the first part of the message, but encoded as the letter W in the next part of the message. Polyalphabetic cipher is a substitution cipher, where the substituted alphabet is changed multiple times throughout the message. ![]() Nihad Ahmad Hassan, Rami Hijazi, in Data Hiding Techniques in Windows OS, 2017 Polyalphabetic Ciphers
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